Bovine Mastitis

Bovine Mastitis. Sukolrat Boonyayatra DVM, MS Clinic for Ruminants. What ’ s mastitis ?. Inflammation of one or more quarters of the udder. Mammae = breast -itis = Latin suffix for inflammation. Normal. Inflamed. Swelling pain warm redness. Causes.

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• active involution phase
• antibiotic concentration
• chloride
• early cow replacement costs
• skin lowers
• mastitis clinical syndromes

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Bovine Mastitis

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1. Bovine Mastitis Sukolrat Boonyayatra DVM, MS Clinic for Ruminants
2. What’s mastitis ? Inflammation of one or more quarters of the udder Mammae = breast -itis = Latin suffix for inflammation Normal Inflamed Swelling pain warm redness
3. Causes • Intramammary Infection (IMI): • Bacterial infection • Mycoplasmal infection • Mycotic (fungal) infection • Algal infection • Mechanical trauma Predisposes • Thermal trauma the gland to IMI • Chemical insult
4. Economic Losses • Mastitis accounted for 26% of the total cost of all dairy cattle diseases. • Losses from mastitis were twice as high as losses from infertility and reproductive diseases. • Sources of loss • Reduced milk production • Discarded milk • Early cow replacement costs • Reduced cow sale value • Drugs • Veterinary services • labor
5. Determinants of Mastitis
6. Timing of infection and stage of lactation • Active involution • High Pressure in the gland • Bacteria inside the gland • Teat dipping ceases. • Phagocytic efficiency • Increasing of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin cannot override the problems noted above. • Dry cow treatment can not reduce coliform IMI during active involution. • Reducing the period of active involution by infusing colchicine (disrupts milk secretion mechanisms) decreases IMI during the active involution phase.
7. Timing of infection and stage of lactation • Peripartum period • Fluid volume in the gland increases • Citrate concentration rises and lactoferrin is low • Phagocytic cells efficiency • High immunoglobulin concentrations in the gland at this time are not effective in preventing new IMI. • IgG1 is not normally an effective opsonin in the mammary gland. • Antibiotic concentration • Teat dipping
8. Timing of infection and stage of lactation • Early lactation • Metabolically stressed • Mastitis is sometimes associated with high concentrate feeding which accompanies early lactation.
9. Nutrition and Mastitis
10. Inflammation of Mammary gland • 1. Multiplication of bacteria in mammary gland • 2. Vasodilation • 3.Increased vascular permeability • 4. Swelling • 5. Diapedesis • 6. Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria • 7. Tissue repair
11. Development of mastitis and the cow’s defense against the infection
12. The major routes of bacterial transmission
13. Mastitis Clinical Syndromes • Categorized based on Severity of Immune Response • Peracute Mastitis: sudden onset, severe inflammation of the udder, and serous milk-Systemic illness often precedes the symptoms manifested in the milk and mammary gland. • Acute Mastitis: sudden onset, moderate to severe inflammation of the udder, decreased production, and occurrence of serous milk/fibrin clots, Systemic signs are similar but less severe than for the peracute form.
14. Mastitis Clinical Syndromes • Subacute Mastitis: mild inflammation, no visible changes in udder, but there generally are small flakes or clots in the milk, and the milk may have an off-color. There are no systemic signs of illness. • Chronic Mastitis: Chronic mastitis may persist in a subclinical form for months or years with occasional clinical flare-ups. Treatment usually involves treating the clinical flare-ups, or culling the cow from the herd.
15. Mastitis Clinical Syndromes • Subclinical Mastitis: the most common form of mastitis, 15x40 X more common than clinical mastitis, no gross inflammation of the udder and no gross changes in the milk, decreased production and decreased milk quality • Elevated Somatic Cell Count

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